HoneyMyte Arms CoolClient with a Signed Kernel-Mode Rootkit

Amber | Attack
HoneyMyte Arms CoolClient with a Signed Kernel-Mode Rootkit | Hive Pro Threat Advisory

Attack Details

The threat actor known as HoneyMyte (aka Mustang Panda) has been observed deploying an updated version of the CoolClient backdoor. It is dropped only after the group first breaks in with PlugX, an older tool HoneyMyte favors for initial access. In the Myanmar case, HoneyMyte attackers told Microsoft Defender to ignore the folder they planned to use, so their files would not be scanned. They then made a fake Microsoft\Windows Defender folder, put the CoolClient files inside, and renamed a trusted Sangfor program (normally Sang.exe) to defender.exe. A scheduled task keeps the malware running by launching defender.exe with SYSTEM rights every time the computer starts.

When defender.exe runs, it loads a malicious file called libngs.dll, which starts a chain of hidden stages. libngs.dll unlocks and runs a second file, loadcert.ini, that does most of the work. It adds more ways to stay on the machine, an AutoRun entry named goopdate and a service called media_updaten, but only after checking that security tools like 360 Total Security are not running. To gain higher access without showing a prompt, HoneyMyte's CoolClient uses a trick that makes its actions look like they came from a trusted Windows process. It then hides its code inside synchost.exe and loads the final piece, cert.ini, which runs the backdoor's real work.

The big change in this version of CoolClient is the kernel driver. Once CoolClient has admin rights, it unpacks a driver, saves it as msagent.sys, and loads it as a service. The backdoor then talks to this driver to hide itself, protect its files and registry entries, and pass along its server address. The driver carries an old but still-valid certificate from 2014, which helps it load without warnings. From deep inside Windows, msagent.sys can hide processes, files, folders, registry keys, and even other drivers. It ships with 33 built-in commands, though this HoneyMyte sample used only three.

With the driver in place, cert.ini carries out the spying CoolClient is built for: logging keystrokes, stealing clipboard contents, grabbing saved passwords, browsing files, and collecting system details, with more features added through plugins. The stolen data is sent back to HoneyMyte's server, while the driver quietly removes that same server address from any network view on the machine. The result is a hard problem for defenders: the connection is real, but the usual signs on the computer may never appear.


Recommendations

01Block Known CoolClient Indicators

Ingest the file hashes, malicious domains, and file paths from this advisory into endpoint, DNS, and web-proxy blocklists, and alert on any historical matches uncovered during retro-hunting.

02Hunt for the PlugX Foothold

Because CoolClient is only deployed after a PlugX infection, treat any PlugX detection as a trigger for a full compromise assessment rather than a simple clean-up, since a deeper secondary backdoor is likely already present.

03Block Abused and Expired Signed Drivers

Enable Microsoft's vulnerable driver blocklist and use Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC) or equivalent allow-listing to stop old, third-party-signed drivers such as msagent.sys, signed with a certificate that expired in 2014, from loading into the kernel.

04Watch for Defender Exclusion Tampering

Alert on programmatic changes to Microsoft Defender exclusions, especially folder or file exclusions added through wmic and MSFT_MpPreference, which HoneyMyte uses to blind Defender before staging the malware.

05Monitor Suspicious Persistence Entries

Watch for the AutoRun value goopdate under the Run key, creation of services named media_updaten or msagent, and scheduled tasks that impersonate Microsoft Defender ATP and run as SYSTEM at startup.

06Enforce Least Privilege and UAC Hardening

Restrict local administrator rights and monitor for the RPC-based, parent-process-spoofing elevation technique, since driver deployment proceeds only when the malware obtains administrative access and SeTcbPrivilege.

07Deploy Kernel-Aware EDR and Integrity Checks

Use endpoint tooling with kernel-level visibility and periodically compare live process, driver, and network views against trusted out-of-band baselines to surface objects a rootkit may be hiding.

08Segment Networks and Prioritize Government-Sector Defense

Given HoneyMyte's focus on government entities across Asia and Russia, apply network segmentation, tighten monitoring around sensitive systems, and run proactive threat hunts aligned to HoneyMyte tradecraft.


Indicators of Compromise (IoCs)

TypeValue
MD52d7c8780e97409770a9d4f31c66c9d63
9460E150E1981D5C165043520C5C12FE
9717F005C5FB98E08D2AD983D88F94EE
F518D8E5FE70D9090F6280C68A95998F
EB79558B037669792652A816E2C669DE
SHA256EE72AE4CC869AFFDDAB11647E95BAB9C5691C9FC76DCB4B31650FF504DA29156
FD434AC879122DEDB754BD4835822DBC185ACE3A3E75E5898FFB40C213A7C4BA
BF75493840862F0C9416D60A13DC92E72A7336056B2A2E22EF1D4DA44255EBAA
E0D77BCEB5EBB3FF6F31EB7B0A4671CFF8B599A0015B63FA94121B89A949F729
B35C17B889030ACED7B41158C1B6A6E8ED9C0D0290EBCEA28D1E3FE7DEEACCFC
File PathC:\Program Files\microsoft\windows defender\
C:\Program Files\windows media player\mediares\
C:\ProgramData\symantecdir\
C:\ProgramData\virtualstore\
C:\Windows\identitycrl\production\
C:\Windows\serviceprofiles\networkservice\
C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Local\viber24.8\
C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Roaming\dsassistant\
C:\Program Files\common files\microsoft shared\office14\
C:\programdata\msdn\
Domainscloudtroe.giize.com
employers.theworkpc.com
freeread.casacam.net
us.lenovoappstore.com
sundanish.freeddns.org
torinarlabs.webredirect.org
news.dursamjbataar.org
video.dursamjbataar.org
black-popular.com
whatismybestthing.com

MITRE ATT&CK TTPs

Execution
T1569System Services — Sub-technique: T1569.002 Service Execution
T1106Native API
Persistence
T1547Boot or Logon Autostart Execution — Sub-technique: T1547.001 Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder
T1053Scheduled Task/Job — Sub-technique: T1053.005 Scheduled Task
T1543Create or Modify System Process — Sub-technique: T1543.003 Windows Service
Privilege Escalation
T1548Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism — Sub-technique: T1548.002 Bypass User Account Control
T1134Access Token Manipulation — Sub-technique: T1134.004 Parent PID Spoofing
Defense Evasion
T1574Hijack Execution Flow — Sub-technique: T1574.002 DLL Side-Loading
T1562Impair Defenses — Sub-technique: T1562.001 Disable or Modify Tools
T1014Rootkit
T1055Process Injection
T1036Masquerading — Sub-technique: T1036.005 Match Legitimate Name or Location
T1553Subvert Trust Controls — Sub-technique: T1553.002 Code Signing
T1140Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information
T1027Obfuscated Files or Information
T1112Modify Registry
T1564Hide Artifacts
T1070Indicator Removal — Sub-technique: T1070.004 File Deletion
Credential Access
T1056Input Capture — Sub-technique: T1056.001 Keylogging
Collection
T1115Clipboard Data
T1005Data from Local System
Discovery
T1057Process Discovery
T1082System Information Discovery
Command and Control
T1071Application Layer Protocol

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